Vitamin D Linked to Multiple Ailments, Treatments

A string of recent discoveries about the multiple health benefits of vitamin D has renewed interest in this multipurpose nutrient, increased awareness of the huge numbers of people who are deficient in it, spurred research, and even led to an appreciation of it as "nature's antibiotic."

On issues ranging from the health of your immune system to prevention of heart disease and even vulnerability to influenza, vitamin D is now seen as one of the most critical nutrients for overall health. But it's also one of those most likely to be deficient, especially during winter when production of the "sunshine vitamin" almost grinds to a halt for millions of people in the United States, Europe, and other northern temperate zones.

Analogs of the vitamin are even being considered for use as new therapies against tuberculosis, AIDS, and other concerns. Federal experts are considering an increase in the recommended daily intake of the vitamin as more evidence of its value emerges, especially for elders.

"About 70% of the population of the United States has insufficient levels of vitamin D," says Adrian Gombart, PhD, a principal investigator with the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University. "This is a critical issue as we learn more about the many roles it may play in fighting infection, balancing your immune response, helping to address autoimmune problems, and even preventing heart disease."

Those issues are outlined in Future Microbiology on the latest findings on vitamin D research, at OSU and in many other programs around the world. Of particular interest are findings made recently by OSU scientists that vitamin D induces the expression of cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide gene. This explains in part how it helps serve as the first line of defense in your immune response against minor wounds, cuts, and both bacterial and viral infections. Experts believe advances in the use of cathelicidin may form the basis for new therapies.

Among the values and observations about vitamin D that are outlined in the new report include the following:

• Low levels of circulating vitamin D are associated with increased risk and mortality from cancer.
  
  
• Vitamin D plays an important role in activating the immune system, fostering the "innate" immune response and controlling over-reaction of adaptive immunity, and as such may help control autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
• Cathelicidin can profoundly boost the innate immune system, and could form the basis for new therapies to combat pathogenic infections.
  
  
• The regulation of cathelicidin by vitamin D, a unique biological pathway for the function of vitamin D that could help explain its multiple roles in proper immune function, is so important that it's only known to exist in two groups of animals—humans and non-human primates—and has been conserved in them through millions of years of evolution.
  
  
• Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for tuberculosis, was historically used to treat it, and analogs of it may provide the basis for new therapeutic approaches not only to that disease but also HIV infection.
  
  
• Epidemiological studies show a link between vitamin D deficiency and increased rates of respiratory infection and influenza, and it has been hypothesized that flu epidemics may be the result of vitamin D deficiency.
  
  
• Higher levels of a protein linked to vitamin D have been associated with reduced infections and longer survival of dialysis patients.
  
  
• Vitamin D has important roles in reducing inflammation, blood pressure and helping to protect against heart disease.

— Source: Oregon State University